A 45-day cycle is longer than the normal range of 21 to 35 days. It is not necessarily a problem, especially if it happens once, but if it keeps happening, it deserves a conversation with a healthcare professional.
A delay of a few days to two weeks is common and rarely worrying. Beyond three months without a period, outside of pregnancy, it is called amenorrhea and you should see a healthcare professional. In some cases, you should not wait three months.
A cycle is irregular when its length changes by more than 7 days from one month to the next. The most common causes are adolescence, stopping contraception, stress, PMOS, perimenopause and thyroid disorders. Most of them can be spotted simply by logging your period dates for a few months.
PMOS disrupts ovulation: it happens late, or not at all some months. That is why the large majority of women with the condition have irregular, often long, cycles. You cannot "fix" that rhythm yourself, but you can observe it honestly, and that is what makes medical follow-up effective.
Pelvic pain outside of your period can come from ovulation, a cyst, an infection, the bowel or bladder, or endometriosis. What points the way is when in the cycle it happens and what comes with it. Sudden, severe pain, or pain with fever, means seeing someone the same day.
Generally, no. Endometriosis does not disrupt the length of the cycle: most women with it have regular cycles. What it changes are the periods themselves, more painful, heavier, longer, and the pain outside of periods. If your cycles are irregular, that is a different lead to explore, sometimes in addition.
Not to the day, and nobody can. What can honestly be done is estimating a window from your own past cycles: the more you have logged, the narrower the window. An app that shows a precise date on an irregular cycle is not predicting anything, it is counting 28 days.
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